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Analysis of clients needs in low-threshold drop-in center SANANIM: Questionnaire survey
Ayapbekova, Dinara ; Petruželka, Benjamin (advisor) ; Nováková, Elizabeth (referee)
Background: Human needs encompass a spectrum ranging from fundamental physiological requirements, such as breathing and sustenance, to elevated needs like love and appreciation. While most individuals fulfill these needs through typical social interactions, certain groups, including those engaging in illicit drug use, seek assistance from institutions such as the SANANIM contact centre. The objective of this thesis is to ascertain the perceived needs of clients at the facility and evaluate the extent to which these needs are being addressed. These insights can contribute to enhancing existing services and introducing new ones where necessary. Another objective is to formulate a unique questionnaire suitable for consistently assessing the requirements of the facility's clientele. Methods: The instrument of data production was an original questionnaire, created specifically for the research, which was filled in with the respondent by the interviewer - PAPI (Pen and Paper Interviewing). Research Sample: The study involved 60 clients of the low-threshold center SANANIM who utilize the services provided by this facility. Results: The research highlights the prevalence of social difficulties, significantly impacting the clients. Social relationships emerge as a key area of concern. Within the realm of...
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Freedom and Public Health in a Pandemic
Tomášková, Jana ; Guasti, Petra (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
Bakalářská práce se věnuje kalibraci demokratických svobod a jejich instrumentalizaci v době pandemického vládnutí. Problematika je demonstrována na příkladu České republiky nacházející se v nouzovém stavu a nahlížena skrze korektivní úlohu ÚS ČR, který je garantem proporcionálního vyvažování ochrany veřejného zdraví a rovněž ochrany demokratických svobod. Panující tenze bezesporu testuje právní stát i funkčnost systému brzd a protiváh, jehož existence přímo chrání povahu demokratičnosti zřízení. Ukazuje se, že i v nouzovém stavu existuje oblast občanských práv a svobod, jejíž faktické narušení zůstává předmětem legitimního sporu mezi exekutivou a judikativou.
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Summative evaluation of the Act on protection of health from harmful effects of addictive substances with emphasis on use of tobacco products
Kučerová, Klára ; Nekola, Martin (advisor) ; Ochrana, František (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on the evaluation of Act No. 65/2017 Coll., The Act on the protection of health from the harmful effects of addictive substances with emphasis on use of tobacco products. The evaluation of this Act was approached on the basis of the principles of summative evaluation, which focused on the impacts of the health protection Act and on the fulfilment of its set objectives. Apart from evaluations, the theoretical and factual basis of the work includes mainly tobacco control in the Czech Republic. The practical part of this thesis is based on quantitative research that uses secondary data. This research was subsequently supplemented by information from semi-structured expert interviews. The analysis is focused on the evaluation of a total of fifteen indicators, which represent areas on which the adoption of the examined law may have had some impact. These indicators mainly concern the area of smoking and health, but also the tobacco industry, hospitality, and the state budget. The evaluation of the indicators is based on a comparison of two time series, while one of them shows the real situation and the other extrapolates the situation without the adoption of the examined law. The results of the analysis were subsequently discussed in relation to the fulfilment of the set...
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Cross-sectional study of selected legal regulations in the field of alcohol with a specific focus on the methanol case
Fialová Mikešová, Tereza ; Šejvl, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Rolová, Gabriela (referee)
Background: In 2012, there were massive poisonings with harmful alcohol laced with methanol throughout the Czech Republic. As a result of intoxications, not only death but also damage of health of various degrees occurred. The event, which directly endangered public health, brought new experience and, among other things, confirmed the thesis accepted in professional circles that no way of consuming alcohol is necessarily safe or even beneficial to health, which is why there is a need to change the approach to alcohol. Aim: The aim of the bachelor thesis was to briefly describe the development of selected legislative regulations aimed at reducing alcohol consumption on our territory from the establishment of the independent republic to the present day and to describe the procedure and measures applied by state administration authorities during methanol poisonings and the effects of this phenomenon on the further development of legislation in the context of the event. Methods: Content qualitative analysis of written materials was used. In the first place, suitable documents issued by state administration bodies, legal regulations published in the Collection of Laws and media communications were selected. The obtained data were subsequently subjected to a qualitative content analysis, on the basis of...
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Vaccination as a communication challenge: an analysis of the arguments and factors influencing its (non-)acceptance
Hájková, Karolína ; Klabíková Rábová, Tereza (advisor) ; Vranka, Marek (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the negative phenomenon of refusing vaccination,the declining vaccination coverage, and the return of infectiousdiseases which are preventable by vaccines. This is an international phenomenon which was identified by the World Health Organization in 2019 as one of the top ten threats to public health. The topic of rejection and hesitation in vaccination is a complex issue which is influenced by many factors. These include,for example, the media environment, geographical and financial barriers, historical influences, personal experience, health literacy, risk perception and many more. Failure to adopt immunization programs is a collective, not individual, public health problem. It is therefore necessary to map these factors and to analyze the arguments against vaccination which prevent its adoption. The thesis contains a brief mapping of the history of refusal of vaccination, elaboration of a comprehensive set of factors influencing the acceptance of vaccination, analysis of selected arguments against vaccination, and finally, a summary of knowledge for creating strategies for adopting immunization programs.
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Health literacy in the Czech population - factors related to phases of health information processing
Polcrová, Anna ; Kučera, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Žejglicová, Kristýna (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the topic of health literacy level in the Czech population and its association with sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. The aim was to describe this association in the stages of health information processing, which are the stages of finding, understanding, judging and application of health information. The data from the Czech modification of the HLS-EU survey from 2014 was used. Lower level of health literacy was associated with older age, lower level of education, as well as lower self-assessed social status at all stages of health information processing. Lower self- assessed health condition was also associated with lower level of health literacy, especially in the phases of understanding and application of health information. Regarding the lifestyle factors, the association was determined in case of physical activity, most notably in the phases of understanding and application of health information. The association was also determined in the case of body mass index, but only in phases understanding and judging. Differences in health literacy levels between smoking categories as well as between gender were not been determined. Regarding the difference between phases of health information processing, the judging of health information seems to be the most risk.
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Effectiveness of coeliac disease management in the Czech Republic
Přibylová, Kristýna ; Háva, Petr (advisor) ; Mašková, Pavla (referee)
This work deals with effectiveness of coeliac disease management. It is a model case of chronic disease management. The analytical framework of this work is the multilevel Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions Framework. Crucial is the interaction between health care team that represents health care system, community partners and patients with their families. In the case of coeliac disease it is necessary to include also the role of representatives of market with gluten free products. The interaction of these participants takes place in wider political context, whose state influences this interaction fundamentaly and reflects so in final results - state of patients and quality of their live. Using the evaluation of the quality of life tool SF-36, it has been ascertained, that the quality of life of coealiac patients is lower in comparison with European standard of healthy population and that the causes of the problem have to be searched and systematically removed at all levels of the system of chronic health care. The findings validate the theoretic presumption, that the chronic health care is still considerably underestimated and that it does not reply to the needs of chronic ill patients, which reflects just on general quality of life.
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Suburbanization in Central Bohemia Region and its impact on health
Majerová, Vendula ; Háva, Petr (advisor) ; Kružík, Lubomír (referee)
The main objective of diploma thesis "Suburbanization in Central Bohemia Region and its impact on health" is research of non-coordinated suburbanization in Central Bohemia Region and its relation to health of inhabitants. There is used an appropriate combination of research methods according to the research objectives and questions (mental maps, actor analysis, public policy analysis, comparation, interviews). It enables understanding of all aspects of thesuburbanization process. Many theoretical concepts are used, eg. determinants of health, urbanism, sustainable development, quality of life or social transformation. The first part of diploma thesis presents health problems caused by urban sprawl. These problems are related to air quality, physical activity, traffic, water quantity and quality, mental health, social capital and health of special populations. Inguiry identifies roles, interests and behaviour of relevant actors. It proves that current suburbanization of Central Bohemia Region, similar to urban sprawl, may influence health and quality of life of its inhabitants, and brings many negative externalities. Incrementakl knowledge development and pressure of the European Union leads to changes in public policy and legislation, which was influenced with social transformation and impact on...
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Health literacy among drug users
Rolová, Gabriela ; Gabrhelík, Roman (advisor) ; Lukavská, Kateřina (referee) ; Popesko, Boris (referee)
Background: Individuals with substance use disorders are likely to have low health literacy due to risk factors related to their personal and socioeconomic characteristics. Current knowl- edge is limited in understanding whether low health literacy contributes to adverse health outcomes and whether it influences the substance use behavior of this population. Design: An exploratory cross-sectional study using a questionnaire survey. Aims: To explore multidimensional health literacy and its correlates in patients treated in residential addiction treatment programs and investigate health literacy as a predictor of self- reported health indicators and quality of life. Setting: Multiple residential addiction treatment programs (i.e., detoxification units, inpatient care, therapeutic communities) in the Czech Republic. Participants: Data of 613 patients treated in residential addiction treatment programs for mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use (F10-F19, ICD-10) were analyzed. Measurements: Health literacy was measured using the Czech version of the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q47). Data on participants' socioeconomic characteristics, self-reported health indicators and quality of life, substance use behavior, and treatment experiences were...
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